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Best Programming Languages to Learn in 2022

Once upon a time, the world of computer programming was a mysterious and exclusive place. Only a select handful of people were considered computer programmers with cutting-edge coding skills. Today, many IT jobs require a solid grasp of the top programming languages, and yes, we mean more than one. 

If your plans to advance your career or change careers completely requires you to master a programming language, you might wonder which one to learn. After all, it will take time and money to learn the language, so you want to make the right choice.

When making your decision, you should bear several considerations in mind, like the difficulty level you’re willing to tackle, the programming language knowledge you already possess that meshes with your existing coding skills, or your reasons for learning a top programming language. 

Whether you want to develop a mobile application, get certification for programming knowledge, or learn new skills, you need to learn the right programming language. Below you’ll learn about the best programming languages in demand among employers in 2022. You’ll be briefed about the details of each language, its complexity, and how it is used.

1. JAVASCRIPT

JavaScript is a high-level programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web. It is used as a client-side programming language by 97.8 percent of all websites. JavaScript was originally used only to develop web browsers, but they are now used for server-side website deployments and non-web browser applications as well. 

Javascript was created in 1995 and was initially known as LiveScript. However, Java was a very popular language at that time, so it was advertised as a “younger brother” of Java. As it evolved over time, JavaScript became a fully independent language. Nowadays, JavaScript is often confused with Java, and although there are some similarities between them, the two languages are distinct.

Javascript is the most popular programming language in the world and is in high demand among various organizations. The average Java developer earns around $112,152 each year.

Level:

Beginner to Intermediate

Skills Needed:

HTML and CSS to define the content and layout of web pages

Platform:

Cross-platform (desktop, mobile, web)

Popularity Among Programmers:

The most popular programming language in the world

Benefits:

Easy to learn and implement

Used everywhere on the web

Can run immediately within the client-side browser

Reduces the demand on the website server

Downsides:

Can sometimes be interpreted differently by different browsers which makes it difficult to write cross-browser code.

Degree of Use:

Widely used; highly applicable

Annual Salary Projection:

$112,152

2. PYTHON

Python is one of the most popular programming languages today and is easy for beginners to learn because of its readability. It is a free, open-source programming language with extensive support modules and community development, easy integration with web services, user-friendly data structures, and GUI-based desktop applications. It is a popular programming language for machine learning and deep learning applications. 

Python is used to develop 2D imaging and 3D animation packages like Blender, Inkscape, and Autodesk. It has also been used to create popular video games, including Civilization IV, Vegas Trike, and Toontown. Python is used for scientific and computational applications like FreeCAD and Abacus and by popular websites like YouTube, Quora, Pinterest, and Instagram. Python developers earn average annual salaries of about $109,092.

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Level:

Beginner – Python enables a beginner to become productive quickly

Skills Needed:

Problem-solving, abstract thinking

Platform:

Web, Desktop

Popularity Among Programmers:

Becoming continuously more popular

Benefits:

Flexible

Naturally/Intuitively readable

Highly regarded official tutorials and documentation

Scripted as opposed to compiled

Downsides:

Doesn’t start with programming basics (known to abstract too many important basic concepts)

Popularity:

Becoming continuously more popular both in technical education and business uses

Degree of Use:

Coding skills widely used; popular in both technical education and business use

Annual Salary Projection:

$109,092

3. GO

Go was developed by Google in 2007 for APIs and web applications. Go has recently become one of the fastest-growing programming languages due to its simplicity, as well as its ability to handle multicore and networked systems and massive codebases.

Go, also known as Golang, was created to meet the needs of programmers working on large projects. It has gained popularity among many large IT companies thanks to its simple and modern structure and syntax familiarity. Companies using Go as their programming language include Google, Uber, Twitch, Dropbox, among many others. Go is also gaining in popularity among data scientists because of its agility and performance.

Go developers can earn an average annual salary of $141,654, and hitting up to $261,000. 

Level:

Beginner to intermediate

Skills Needed:

Easy to learn if you already know at least one other programming language; otherwise, you just need patience and a willingness to learn.

Platform:

Cross-platform, mainly desktop

Popularity Among Programmers:

Not as popular as Java or Python, but it has been increasing in popularity

Benefits:

Widely considered a “minimalist” language 

Easy to learn

Transparent code

Compatible

Fast

Downsides:

No generics (which means you may end up writing more code than you would in other languages); very little library support; Go developer community is not very robust or supportive

Degree of Use:

Widely used, particular for Google applications (created at Google)

Annual Salary Projection:

$141,654

4. JAVA

Java is one of the most popular programming languages used today. 

Owned by Oracle Corporation, this general-purpose programming language with its object-oriented structure has become a standard for applications that can be used regardless of platform (e.g., Mac, Windows, Android, iOS, etc.) because of its Write Once, Run Anywhere (WORA) capabilities. As a result, Java is recognized for its portability across platforms, from mainframe data centers to smartphones. Today there are more than 3 billion devices running applications built with Java.

Java is widely used in web and application development as well as big data. Java is also used on the backend of several popular websites, including Google, Amazon, Twitter, and YouTube. It is also extensively used in hundreds of applications. New Java frameworks like Spring, Struts, and Hibernate are also very popular. With millions of Java developers worldwide, there are hundreds of ways to learn Java. Also, Java programmers have an extensive online community and support each other to solve problems.

Java is a more complex language to learn, but experienced developers with Java coding skills are in high demand. The average Java developer earns around $109,225 each year.

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Level:

Intermediate

Skills Needed:

Problem-solving, knowledge of the object-oriented structure

Platform:

Web, Mobile, Desktop

Popularity Among Programmers:

One of the world’s most popular; high demand

Benefits:

Regarded as a good start for learning to think like a programmer and gain coding skills

You’ll be able to access/manipulate the most important computer functions, like the file system, graphics, and sound for any fairly sophisticated and modern program that can run on any operating system.

Downsides:

Lots of new vocabulary to learn; a higher-level language

Degree of Use:

Widely used; highly applicable

Annual Salary Projection:

$109,225

5. KOTLIN

Kotlin is a general-purpose programming language originally developed and unveiled as Project Kotlin by JetBrains in 2011. The first version was officially released in 2016. It is interoperable with Java and supports functional programming languages.

Kotlin is used extensively for Android apps, web application, desktop application, and server-side application development. Kotlin was built to be better than Java, and people who use this language are convinced. Most of the Google applications are based on Kotlin. Some companies using Kotlin as their programming language include Coursera, Pinterest, PostMates among many others.

Kotlin developers earn an average of $136,000 a year, with the potential to earn up to $171,500.

Level:

Intermediate to advanced

Skills Needed:

Prior experience with programming languages, particularly Java

Platform:

Web, Mobile, Desktop, Server

Popularity Among Programmers:

Increasingly popular; used for Android applications

Benefits:

Less code-heavy than Java and other languages;

Relatively easy to adopt

Fully compatible with Java 

Downsides:

Fluctuating compilation speed; no static keyword in Kotlin

Degree of Use:

Widely used; highly applicable

Annual Salary Projection:

$136,000

6. PHP

PHP is an open-source programming language created in 1990. Many web developers find it essential to learn PHP, as this language is used to build more than 80% of websites on the Internet, including notable sites like Facebook and Yahoo.

Programmers mainly use PHP mainly to write server-side scripts. But developers can also use this language to write command-line scripts, and programmers with high-level PHP coding skills can also use it to develop desktop applications. 

PHP is considered a relatively easy language to learn for beginning developers. PHP professionals have access to several dedicated online communities, making it easy to get support and answers to questions.

On average, PHP programmers earn average annual salaries of about $107,409.

Level:

Beginner to intermediate

Skills Needed:

Simple if you have a background in programming languages, but relatively easy to learn for newcomers

Platform:

Cross-platform (desktop, mobile, web)

Popularity Among Programmers:

Used by nearly 80% of all active websites, so it’s very popular with web developers

Benefits:

Open-source

Easy to develop and may be integrated with many different tools

Cost effective

Flexible with database connectivity

Downsides:

Not very secure; not well-suited for large applications; poor error-handling; cannot support a large number of apps

Degree of Use:

While it’s used by the vast majority of websites, its use is declining

Annual Salary Projection:

$107,409

7. C#

Developed by Microsoft, C# rose to fame in the 2000s for supporting the concepts of object-oriented programming. It is one of the most used programming languages for the .NET framework. Anders Hejlsberg, the creator of C#, says the language is more like C++ than Java.

C# is best suited for applications on Windows, Android, and iOS, as it takes the help of the integrated development environment product, Microsoft Visual C++. C# is used on the back end of several popular websites like Bing, Dell, Visual Studio, and MarketWatch. C# developers earn around $111,760 per year.

Level:

Intermediate

Skills Needed:

A basic understanding of how to write code

Platform:

Cross-platform, including mobile and enterprise software applications

Popularity Among Programmers:

Relatively popular, but not as popular as Java (its closest rival)

Benefits:

Fast 

Simple to use

Object-oriented

Scalable and updateable

Interoperable with other codes

Open source

Extensive library

Downsides:

Less flexible, as it depends on Microsoft’s .Net framework; poor x-platform GUI

Degree of Use:

Used by roughly one-third of all software developers, particularly relevant for Microsoft developers

Annual Salary Projection:

$111,760

8. SWIFT

A few years ago, Swift made the top 10 in the monthly TIOBE Index ranking of popular programming languages. Apple developed Swift in 2014 for Linux and Mac applications. 

An open-source programming language that is easy to learn, Swift supports almost everything from the programming language Objective-C. Swift requires fewer coding skills compared with other programming languages, and it can be used with IBM Swift Sandbox and IBM Bluemix. Swift is used in popular iOS apps like WordPress, Mozilla Firefox, SoundCloud, and even in the game Flappy Bird. Professionals who develop iOS applications take home average annual salaries of around $106,652.

Level:

Beginner to intermediate

Skills Needed:

Willingness to spend time reading tutorials (which are widely available); no prior experience with programming languages required

Platform:

Mobile (Apple iOS apps, specifically)

Popularity Among Programmers:

Gaining in popularity, especially among Apple iOS application developers

Benefits:

Relatively easy to learn

Clean syntax

Less code

Faster than comparable programming languages

Open source

Downsides:

Still a young language; poor interoperability with third party tools; lacks support for earlier versions of iOS

Degree of Use:

Used extensively for creating iOS apps used on the iPhone, iPad, and Apple Watch

Annual Salary Projection:

$109,652

9. R

R is an open-source language that is essentially a different version of the S language. Much of the code that developers write for S runs on R without modification.

Applications built in R are used for processing statistics, including linear and nonlinear modeling, calculation, testing, visualization, and analysis. Applications coded using R can interface with a number of databases and process both structured and unstructured data.

R has a moderate learning curve and is not as easy for beginners to pick up as some other languages in this article. However, like other open-source programming languages, R boasts an active online community of developers, which is always a plus when learning new coding skills.

On average, R developers earn average annual salaries of about $90,940.

Level:

Intermediate

Skills Needed:

Easier if you already know Javascript or Python, but it’s recommended for people with a firm grasp of mathematics

Platform:

Mainly desktop

Popularity Among Programmers:

Not nearly as popular as it once was, mainly due to rival language Python’s soaring popularity

Benefits:

Open source

Great support for managing data

Wide variety of packages available 

Cross-functional with Linux, Windows, and Mac OS

Ideal for machine learning applications

Downsides:

Objects are stored in physical memory, which can strain resources; lacks basic security; slower than Matlab or Python

Degree of Use:

Widely used for analytics

Annual Salary Projection:

$90,940

10. RUBY

If you want to start with a language that is known for being relatively simple to learn, consider Ruby. Developed in the 1990s, it was designed to have a more human-friendly syntax while still being flexible from the standpoint of its object-oriented architecture that supports procedural and functional programming notation. A web-application framework that is implemented in Ruby is Ruby on Rails (“RoR”). Ruby developers tout it for being an easy language to write in and also for the relatively short learning time required. These attributes have led to a large community of Ruby developers and a growing interest in the language among beginning developers. The average salary for a Ruby developer is around $121,000 per year.

Level:

Beginner – Ruby and Ruby on Rails have evolved to become extremely popular for web developers.

Skills Needed:

Problem-solving, abstract thinking (ability to visualize what application users want to see)

Platform: 

Web

Popularity Among Programmers:

On the rise

Benefits:

Flexible

The syntax is considered easy to read and to write (no specialized “vocabulary” to get started)

Enforces good programming style

 

Degree of Use:

Least broadly used

Annual Salary Projection:

$121,070

10 Best Free Websites To Learn Programming

 Taking a quick sneak peek at the 10 best free websites to learn programming from and improve your coding skills Photo by Fotis Fotopoulos on Unsplash

 “Programming isn’t about what you know; it’s about what you can figure out.”

 — Chris Pine 

 1 HackerRank 

 HackerRank is one of the best websites on the internet because it offers a wide variety of resources for beginner developers. It has some quick crash courses, including the 30-day challenge to gain more experience in programming languages. It offers numerous programming languages for coding enthusiasts to learn more and invest their time. HackerRank is probably the best website for you to get hired by a company. The majority of the coding interviews are conducted successfully on these websites. HackerRank is a place for both developers and companies. While programmers are trying to improve their coding skills to the next level and increase their proficiency by attempting the numerous challenges available on these websites, the companies are simultaneously recruiting the best candidates that can solve their interview questions and replicate the best possible outcomes and results.

 2. freeCodeCamp 

Free Code Camp is a non-profit organization with some of the most useful content and beneficial resources for programmers and developers. It provides enormous quality posts, guides, and material for beginner programming enthusiasts to practice and master their coding skills. To list some of their fabulous content published on the internet would include interactive learning web platforms for practicing web development using programming languages such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. There are numerous assignments and practice questions that you can work on alone or in pairs to achieve the desired results. Some of the free verified certifications on their website include responsive web designing systems, algorithms and data structures for JavaScript, front-end development libraries, data visualizations and data science, data analysis with Python, Information security, APIs and microservices, machine learning with Python, and so much more. 

3. GeeksforGeeks 

 Geek For Geeks is one of my favorite platforms for free content on learning more about numerous programming languages and other coding-related topics. It contains well-written, well thought and well-explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes, and so much more to enable the user to gain further experience and enhance their coding skills. The best part about Geek For Geeks is that you can find useful content on the specific topics and concepts that you are looking for, and they usually never disappoint. If you search for a particular programming topic, there is a high chance that you will receive updated, high-quality posts with codes. These codes obtained are available in numerous programming languages, including C, C++, Java, Python, and other similar coding languages. You can also refer to this website for learning a more intuitive understanding of competitive programming and participating in various events. It also covers most of the basics required for beginner-level developer enthusiasts.

 4. Codecademy

 Codecademy is a brilliant place for beginner developers and programming enthusiasts to invest their time and effort to enhance their coding skills. Codecademy offers free interactive sessions online in 12 different programming languages, including Python, Java, Go, JavaScript, Ruby, SQL, C++, C#, Swift, and Sass, as well as markup languages HTML and CSS. It also has one of the best platforms for learning to code with a set of tasks that you have to complete to progress to the next stage. This level system of coding and the continuous progression system of programming will help the users and developers to create further engagement and learn more. You can pick the programming language of your choice and work on it until you produce the most effective results. You learn through code snippets and executing these code blocks on your own. It offers high interactivity to every enthusiast for exploration and practice purposes. You will receive instant feedback that will help you to correct yourself and learn more appropriately.

 5. Codementor

 DevProjects is a free community where people can learn programming by working on curated projects. Each project is specifically designed by senior developers and mentors to bridge the learning gap between theory and real-world code. Users can discuss project details with peers and mentors and share their code to receive feedback. If you are looking for more specific projects related to Python, you can check out the following link. You can build a wide array of quality Python projects which have numerous applications in the real world. Developers can make the best use of these projects for practicing purposes, developing their programming skills, and ultimately add these projects to their portfolio or resume. I would highly recommend checking out the following website as it provides you with the opportunity to build Python projects. And the best part is, if you are stuck on a particular issue, you will receive help from the available mentors who will guide you to fix your problems and achieve the best possible results. 

6. HackerEarth

 

Similar to HackerRank, HackerEarth provides a platform for both developers and companies. While programmers can choose to practice, learn, and develop a variety of projects while partaking in numerous competitions and challenges, the companies usually utilize this website for technical skill assessment and remote video interviewing. There is also a bunch of interview questions and other ways to level up your coding skills via practice quizzes and hackathon that you can participate and win exciting prizes. You can test out your overall coding skills and improve your programming accomplishments to the next level. If you are interested, you could even get hired by one of the recruiting companies.

 7. W3Schools

W3Schools is a training website for learning web technologies online. Content includes tutorials and references relating to HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JSON, PHP, Python, AngularJS, React.js, SQL, Bootstrap, Sass, Node.js, jQuery, XQuery, AJAX, XML, Raspberry Pi, C++, C# and Java. W3Schools offers some of the best resources for developers to learn content for free. It has a documentation-style approach for providing information along with useful interactive code blocks, which you can click the “try it yourself” button and explore these options. W3Schools offers some of the best programming tutorials online as well as great examples for conducting experimentations with code blocks. It also provides you with some of the best references, exercises, and courses the developers and other users to participate, involve, and utilize for improving their productivity.

 8. Medium Platforms

 The other websites discussed in this article are helpful in improving your programming and coding skills with actual practice questions and other beneficial resources for different types of users. While that might be suitable for most scenarios, you also need to look into other options that provide you with guidance, advanced tutorials, and other helpful tools. Medium publications like Towards Data Science and Better Programming are some of the best platforms for users to learn more about programming and also receive assistance on other practices related to coding. The blog posts and articles on these websites are extremely useful for beginner programmers and developers.

 9. YouTube 

 While all the other resources mentioned in this article contain mostly theoretical articles and practical guides, it is always a good idea to explore your thoughts and learn more through visuals and images, especially in the form of videos. YouTube is one such platform that is home to tons of free programming and coding content that will allow its viewers to learn and intuitively code alongside the runtime of the video. My personal recommendation for some of the best YouTube videos to learn to program and improve your coding skills would include channels like Sentdex and Corey Schafer for learning specific advanced programming tutorials. There are tons of amazing YouTube channels for learning programming content, and we will discuss more this topic in another article where we will list some of the best channels that you should subscribe to.

 10. GitHub and Stack Overflow 

 GitHub is one of the best websites for any type of coding-related project. It provides you with multiple options. If you want to share your codes or use other codes after forking them, this is perhaps the choice of the website you should look forward to. It is undoubtedly one of the best options that every developer and programmer must consider. It is easy to get stuck while programming a specific code block. In coding, errors are bound to occur, and when you are unable to fix them by yourself, it is often a good idea to approach experts or other programming enthusiasts. One such website that provides you with an opportunity to get solutions to your queries, doubts, and questions is the Stack Overflow community. Both GitHub and Stack Overflow are amazing websites that will allow you to engage in conversations with other experts in this field of programming and receive the appropriate solutions to your doubts and queries. The community is extremely helpful, and they will often engage in providing answers as long as you show your effort in framing the question from your perspective. As a side note, I would also highly recommend checking out discord and slack channels for programming. Finding an interactive community is useful because you have coding enthusiasts who share similar interests, and you can learn more by sharing codes. You can also perform and work on complex projects together or in a group to create effective projects.

A brief history of the Photography Camera

  

  HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY 

If you poke a hole in the wall of a darkroom you create camera obscura light passing through the hole is projected upside down and retains colour and perspective.

retains colour

The first historical mentions of camera obscura in pinhole photography is by ancient philosophers mousy Aristotle and Al Hassan in 1490 Leonardo da Vinci records detailed descriptions of camera obscura and uses it to trace stuff by the 1700s camera obscura devices is common.

There's evidence to suggest artists like Rembrandt Vermeer and Caravaggio uses them hmm sketching in 1724 Johann Heinrich Shelton discovers that substances mix with silver nitrate react to light sadly the images fade soon after until one day in 1826.

The world's first photograph is taken by Josef Nietzsche for Niepce and France using a procedure called heliography voila this exposure takes several days and you can see the sunlights of both sides of the building after his death meet Jay's partner Louie de Guerre continues his working creates the first practical photographic process in 1833 the daguerreotype in 1839.

 Josef Nietzsche 

The French government buys and declares the daguerreotype free to the world this is when cool stuff starts happening as the first photo of a human although this exposure lasted around seven minutes a man was getting his shoes polished and were standing perfectly still thus making history this was also.

 

 The first photo with Sol and of course, the world's first selfie is taken by a guy named Robert Cornelius and humans gonna human it wouldn't take long for nude photography to kick-off too in 1840 Henry Fox Talbot unveils.

The calotype is a process based on negatives that allow for paper copies to be made however Talbot try to charge license fees for the calotype so it didn't really catch on compared to the Gare whose name is now one of 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower Talbot spent his life-fighting lawsuits and eventually gave up on photography you could say Talbot became a big negative in the end.

It's also important to mention the contribution of Sir John Herschel who published many essential research papers in coined the term photography from the Greek words of light in drawing by the 1850s mobile photo studios were all the rage because photos had to be developed on-site exposure.

Times were about three minutes long so people use neck braces and drugs to keep still it's also why nobody smiled in early photos what could be the world's first Photoshop occurs in 1861.

The head of Abraham Lincoln is placed on a more noble body the world's first color photograph is also produced it's of a bow in 1871 Richard Leach Maddox.

Who had an outstanding mustache invents  the ground Englishman Edward my bridge sets up twelve cameras with wire triggers in the path of a galloping horse.

The world's first photo sequence proves that they do in 1885 George Eastman founder of EastmanKodak invents roll film.

The first handheld camera the Kodak goes on sale in 1888 why Kodak because Eastman just like the letter K the Kodak came preloaded with a hundred exposures that needed to be sent back to the factory for processing and reloading when the roll was finished, Eastman.

Oskar Barnack builds

Takes mass-market photography a step further in the early 1900s with the brownie is an affordable box camera that introduces the concept of the snapshot lights employee Oskar Barnack builds.

The revolutionary 35 millimeter Leica one which goes into production in 1925 the camera allows photographers to go mobile and capture the moment some of the most iconic images in history.

The first single-lens reflex SLR camera arrives in 1949 and the first digital image is created from a scan in 1957.

first single-lens reflex SLR camera

However digital cameras would only arrive a little later in 1975 when Steve Sasson a young engineer working for Eastman Kodak invents.

The first digital camera but nobody at Kodak is interested in digital who wants to see their photos on a TV why change the profitable film photography formula too late Kodak only later switches to digital in 2004 and files for bankruptcy in 2012.

The digital revolution begins in the 90s DSLRs pointed shoe photography had never been more accessible well until.

90s DSLRs

The first mobile phone with a camera came out in 2000 game-changer 15 years later and modern smartphones now have insanely powerful cameras in just seconds we can capture every moment and share it online photography has become a global passion and has truly brought the world closer together.

The End